How Wines Age
Wines are a solution of alcohol, acids, phenolic and elements that add flavour – this means wine is complex and going through constant change. All components react to each other, connect and separate, break down, etc. Only to start it all over again.
Inside the closed system that is a bottle of wine, it is thought that one of the most important elements in the ageing of wine are tannins. These molecules originate from the seeds, stems and skins of grapes, and have anti-fungal properties, which makes it bitter and astringent.
As times goes on, small amounts of oxygen enter the bottle and react with the tannins, which influences the chemical reactions inside. This process needs to be slow, as if a large amount of oxygen seeps into the bottle at once, the particles in the wine will oxidise and the flavour will suffer.
As tannins deal with oxygen, they start to make the wine feel different when sipped, until it will linger pleasantly in the mouth. The amount of tannins can be chosen, which will determine if the wine will eventually mature into something rich and complex.